Success And Sustainability Of A Business - 2004 Words

Many entrepreneurs aspire to own or operate their own business. After deciding on the purpose and mission of the company, one must chose a form of organization for the business to operate under. These organizational forms include sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation or a limited liability company. Not only does this decision determine how many individuals are involved in the ownership of the business, but it also determines what laws, regulations and guidelines must be followed to ensure success and sustainability of a business. Across the United States, the majority of small businesses are owned and operated by one person, which is called sole proprietorship (Liuzzo, 2016). As the most widespread, least expensive business to establish, many small business entrepreneurs tend to take this path to avoid the need to hiring employees, pay for expensive locations, evade corporate taxes and to maintain complete control of all business transactions. Evident by the 2013 tax returns, the benefits of sole proprietorship sound appealing with approximately 24.1 million individual income tax returns reported sole proprietorship activity, a 2.2 percent increase from 2012 (Dungan, 2016). Although the advantages appear to be rewarding for this independent business adventure, being the primary owner faces a number of difficulties. These disadvantages are not only hardships for the business but they are also direct liabilities for the business owner. The owner has unlimited personalShow MoreRelatedA Business Plan For The Long Run With Csr Strategies1737 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Imagine a group of recent graduates from a highly respected and internationally recognized business school who developed a business plan together during their studies and are now planning to establish a business. They are all highly capable and all received top marks in their courses. Will they succeed in their new venture? 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The discussion includes sustainability of long-term business operations, how global markets affect business strategy, and a long-term strategic management plan for sustainment of organizational performance. Further discussion includes how these topics apply in different fields. Sustainability of Long-term Business OperationsRead MoreHow Business Is Not Sustainable909 Words   |  4 PagesEvery business is initiated and run with the aim of making profits. As such, every employer must compel his or her employees to work hard to ensure that the business objectives are achieved. Additionally, every business, whether big or small in size have come to the realization that the traditional methods that were used to measure the performance of the business contribute little in matters of the shareholders. Notably, much of the decisions and the policies were meant to ensure that the company

The Role Of Client s Mentor / Social Worker - 1576 Words

On the onset of meeting with the client rapport was established. Our sessions consisted of exploring solutions, developing personal growth and giving encouragement and support. Client played a role in the decision making process and was aware of the steps and changes that had to be made in order to achieve each goal in his plan. The most important aspect of my role as client’s mentor/social worker is providing empowerment and offering guidance on education and career activities and assisting client in getting involved in training programs within his areas of interest as well as focusing on his recovery. Throughout each session, client was engaged in dialogues that focuses on increasing his self esteem and was taught specific strategies for†¦show more content†¦He is currently receiving treatment for his mental health diagnosis. Client has also decided on being referred to our outpatient substance abuse treatment program to assist in reducing influences in his current life circumstances that might motivate him to relapse or offend. Although few drug abusers who seek treatment are able to abstain for any significant period of time, those who enter treatment and stick with it benefit tremendously as does society (Danzer, 2012). His primary counselor and myself works collaboratively to ensure that client received the best treatment that would effectively assist him in developing skills to maintain abstinence and to achieve future success. In addition, client was approved by his half-way housing to attend Narcotic Anonymous (NA) meetings once weekly; this meeting is held at the agency. In a cross-sectional study of NA members, longer abstinence durations were associated with lower levels of anxiety (DeLucia, Bergman, Beitra, Howrey, Seibert, Ellis, Mizrachi, 2016). According to researcher findings, non-medication therapies like NA emphasize abstinence rather than maintenance on opioids and on their concern even medically prescribed methadone, is viewed as a mood altering drug that reinforces substance dependence and impede recovery (Khodabandeh, Kahani, Shadnia, Abdollahi, 2012). Client’s decision to attend NA meeting has helped him regain his

Fredrick Douglass Free Essays

Fredrick Douglass Essay The great civil rights activist Frederick Douglass was born into slavery on a Maryland Eastern Shore plantation in February 1818. His given name, Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, seemed to portend an unusual life for this son of a field hand and a white man, most likely Douglass’s first master, Captain Aaron Anthony. Perhaps Harriet Bailey gave her son such a distinguished name in the hope that his life would be better than hers. We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now She could scarcely imagine that her son’s life would continue to be a source of interest and inspiration nearly 190 years fter his birth. Indeed, it would be hard to find anyone who more closely embodies this year’s Black History Month theme, â€Å"From Slavery to Freedom: Africans in the Americas. † Like many in the nineteenth-century United States, Frederick Douglass escaped the horrors of slavery to enjoy a life of freedom, but his unique personal drive to achieve Justice for his race led him to devote his life to the abolition of slavery and the movement for black civil rights. His fiery oratory and extraordinary achievements produced a legacy that stretches his influence across the centuries, aking Frederick Douglass a role model for the twenty-first century. One reason Douglass’s story continues to resonate is that his life embodies the American dream of overcoming obstacles and reaching one’s goals. Young Frederick Bailey spent his first twenty years in slavery, first on a Talbot County, Maryland plantation, then in the ship-building city of Baltimore. In the first of three autobiographies, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, published in 1845, he recounts the adversity of his early life. He rarely saw his mother who worked as a ield hand, had barely enough clothes to cover his body, and had to eat from a trough like a farmyard animal. As he grew old enough to work he passed through a series of masters, some kind and some cruel. The influence of Frederick Douglass reaches beyond his symbolic role as America’s most famous former slave, although in his lifetime moving from slavery to freedom proved a tremendous accomplishment. He continues to be relevant to both history and modern American culture because he moved beyond enjoying freedom to edicate his life to the principle that struggle is necessary to achieve progress. His desire to make his world a more Just place led him to fght for the abolition of slavery and to support social Justice and civil rights for African Americans and women. We would do well to follow his example, and to take inspiration from his famous words that â€Å"It is not light that we need, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder. We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake. † Fredrick Douglass By Ishman2941 How to cite Fredrick Douglass, Papers

Columbia University application, short essays free essay sample

Essay 2 prompt Please tell us what academic class has been your favorite and why At first, I loved chemistry because it felt like magic: extraordinary and inexplicable. After a while, I began to love chemistry because it did not feel like magic at all: no longer inexplicable, only extraordinary. Chemistry amazed me because I could watch things change right before my eyes. I loved the neat bottles in the lab cabinets, containing ingredients for transformation, and looking at the periodic table at the front of the room, knowing that everything I have ever seen can be broken down into those 118 boxes. Whereas math or physics problems took place on paper in fascinating but imaginary worlds, chemistry was something I could see, touch, even taste. At first I thought that I loved chemistry because of my teacher. He was quirky and fun, personifying the elements and referring to H2O as wawa. We will write a custom essay sample on Columbia University application, short essays or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, I am in advanced chemistry now with a different teacher and I can confirm my attachment to the subject matter. Advanced chemistry is hard. When I do a problem at home then flip to the back of my textbook and see my answer there, I often do some sort of celebratory dance in the privacy of my own room. Sometimes I have to do a problem three or four times to get the answer I need. Chemistry can be a struggle, but I try to remind myself about things like absolute zero, neutrinos that defy the Theory of Relativity, and the fusion of supernovae, and I am inspired by all the chemistry in the world that is still magic to us. Essay 3 prompt For applicants to Columbia College, please tell us what attracts you specifically to the field or fields of study that you noted in the Application Data section. If you are currently undecided, please write about any field or fields in which you may have interest at this time, but have not yet selected as a major interest. Many people say that looking into a vast, starry sky can make them feel small and insignificant. When I look into the night sky, I feel as if I span eons, connected to every other person in history that has ever marveled at constellations or watched a meteor shower. Staring into space makes me feel full of potential, because to me space represents an infinite amount of opportunity and discovery that I aspire to be a part of. During my sophomore year, we were asked to make a presentation on any subject relating to chemistry. I chose supernovae, the deaths of stars that result in some of the most violent explosions in the known universe. I interviewed an astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and poured over data on fusion and critical mass. What I learned about the supernovae that fascinates me the most is that, when they occur, they blast tons and tons of material and gasses into space, and in doing so often create a nebula, a cloud of dust and gas that is a perfect environment for the creation of new stars. This idea of rebirth occurring in the aftermath of even the most violent destruction is what initially fascinated me about the chemistry of space. Recently, I read an article about a new study that concluded that neutrinos (miniscule particles) travel faster than the speed of light. It is discoveries like this that really pique my interest in what remains mysterious in our universe, from the tiniest particles to the most powerful of explosions.

What Makes a School Great an Example by

What Makes a School Great? Abstract In todays chaotic world, where one sees more jails than schools being built, it is more important than ever for education to take top priority in the proper development of young people into productive, responsible adults. With this in mind, the consideration of what makes a school great is very important. This paper will attempt to answer this question, mainly from the viewpoint of a recent Newsweek magazine article. In summarizing that article, the issue of what makes a school great will be answered. Need essay sample on "What Makes a School Great?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Overview of the Article University Students Usually Tell Us: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay in time? Professional writers suggest: Ask Us To Write My Paper And Get Professional Help In the article entitled What Makes a School Great, Newsweek magazine recently tackled the question of what makes schools great. In a broad sense, the Newsweek writers, after interviewing students and educators, came to the general conclusion that the best thing that a school can do in achieving greatness, which is to say that the school provides the best educational experience for the student, is that the school does not take a one size fits all approach to students. Not all students can reach their full potential under identical conditions (Newsweek, 2007). Therefore, being able to provide the type of individualized educational experience that maximizes the benefits of the school for each student requires a wide range of approaches to students. In the Newsweek article, those approaches were specified as follows: Creation of Good Citizens- Preparing the student to function effectively in the ever changing world that they will face after completing school has to include the teaching of good citizenship, a curricula that has been neglected in recent decades (Kantrowitz & Wingert, 2006). Giving the individual a sense of obligation to be law abiding, productive members of society enhances the individual and the communities in which they live and work. Creation of Liberal Arts- The offering of courses in literature, art and music allows for the student to develop not only their mind, but also the talents that may be latently within them; giving someone with musical ability, for example, the opportunity to excel in music gives them a huge boost to their self esteem and value as individuals. Sciences and the humanities are likewise important in the best schools of the 21st century as part of a well rounded education. Preparation for Work- While many students will go on to college or another form of higher education following high school, it has become apparent that many students from working families may need to seek full time employment following high school. Therefore, the best schools are wisely preparing students for the working world immediately after high school through the offering of college-level courses, which also gives the opportunity for college-bound students to be prepared for the caliber of college coursework they are about to face. Helping Boys and Girls Succeed Separately- By having some coursework where boys and girls are segregated, the educational process is not impeded by the sexes having to try to impress one another or something of that nature. This separation also promotes more culturally diverse education, by allowing culture to be the focus where gender differences were in the past (National Association of Multicultural Education, n.d.). Emphasize Science and Technology- The world of today demands that students be well educated in the technological and scientific areas of discipline, if they are to compete globally and reach their fullest potential, in whatever career or educational path they choose to take. Reach Out to Everyone- Schools of yesterday chose only to include students of one racial or ethnic group, economic level, and of course, those with a criminal past were excluded. As of late, however, the schools that wish for greatness have realized that by including students of all types into the school, their diverse experiences, backgrounds, and ambitions could benefit every student collectively. Without excluding anyone for whatever reason, a school can include diverse people who have the common desire to learn (National Association Of Multicultural Education, n.d.). Conclusion- Greatness Revisited In closing, the question of what makes a school great can be answered accurately after looking at the Newsweek article. Generally, schools become great by preparing students for the future, including all students regardless of background, and keeping in mind that boys and girls need different curricula in some cases. Additionally, emphasizing science, technology and liberal arts, as well as the needs of working class students are vital. When these elements are incorporated, a school can then reach greatness. References National Association of Multicultural Education. Retrieved February 22, 2007, from National Association of Multicultural Education Tozer, Steven E; Violas, Paul C; Senese, Guy. School and Society: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (5th Ed). New York, McGraw-Hill. What Makes a School Great. Newsweek. Retrieved February 22, 2007, from MSNBC Online

Platos Atomic Theory essays

Plato's Atomic Theory essays One of the most intriguing concepts that caught the imagination of Plato around the time of 350 B.C. was the existence and uniqueness of the five regular solids, which are now known as the five Platonic solids. It is not certain who first discovered these regular solids first, but many believe that it was spoke of as early as the Pythagoreans. However, sources including Euclid indicate that Theaetetus, a friend of Platos, was the first to write the first complete account of these five shapes. Platos theory ultimately constructs the basis for what is to be Book XIII of Euclids Elements. Plato, in any case, was extremely impressed by these definitively regular solids, and later on in life was intrigued to write his theory of everything in relation to these five polyhedrons. (Devlin 115) The most intriguing aspect of these shapes to Plato at the time was that these were the only shapes that constituted perfect symmetry within a non-planar set of points. The names of these shapes are the hexahedron (cube), tetrahedron, octahedron, icosahedron and the dodecahedron. It is very clear that each of the sides of these polyhedrons must not only be a regular polygon, but must be equal to every other polygon within the shape. The first and most simple of these shapes is the tetrahedron. Having four faces, the tetrahedron is composed of four equilateral triangles. This shape constitutes that if three equilateral triangles meet at every vertex within a polyhedron, it creates a tetrahedron. If we take the same idea, using equilateral triangles, and change the number of triangles that converge from three to four, we end up with an octahedron. The octahedron resembles two pyramids bottom to bottom, which creates eight equilateral triangles exposing a perfectly symmetrical shape. The next of the polyhedrons is the icosahedron. Again, if we take the same idea involving a ...

Strategic Management of Google Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Strategic Management of Google - Essay Example The paper tells that the examination of the Google strategy is one which focuses not only on the prospects for the future but also with the core issues which are associated with Google and ways in which this can be overcome with the corporation.   Re-examining the strategy of the corporation is one which can then change the strategic approaches of the company while allowing them to work toward the necessary alterations to continue to advance with the Internet technologies offered. The concepts which have been applied to Google are based on a diverse work structure and management that offers new innovations to the workspace. This is followed by the goals of the company to offer technological innovations that are able to provide more to the market. The beginning structure of Google was able to base this on the unique algorithm used to help websites gain different prestige online followed by alternatives which have been developed with creative endeavors to create more categorization a nd options to those who are working online. The new technologies and the several portals that Google has created has led to a domination over the online market with search engines, social media and other options that are able to continue expanding with the market. The issues which are following with this include the fast expansion of the core team that requires new management and which can’t be controlled as easily. This is followed by questions of the new applications and technologies which may not carry the same innovations as the Google technology, causing the external environment to question the value of Google. Monitoring and controlling both the internal structure and the products which are resulting then become the main concern for Google. The core issue which Google is facing is based on the strategic management that is now required for the growth and changes which have occurred in the business. The strategy is one which needs to be inclusive of the countries which of fices are located with Google.

Litterature Review and bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Litterature Review and bibliography - Essay Example se, extreme changes in the room temperature including other ergonomic-related problems that may lead to the development of different types of Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) like the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among others. (Buckle & Hoffman, 1994) Other factors such as physical stress related to illness or hormonal changes as well as emotional stress related to grievance due to the death or loss of a special someone may also increase stress at work. For the purpose this study, the researcher will gather peer-reviewed journals related to the probable causes of work-related stress and its impact over well-being of employees. To give the readers a better understanding of some medical terms used in the study, the researcher will provide the definition of words. For the literature review, the researcher will first discuss all the probable causes of work-related stress followed by repetitive strain injury, carpal tunnel syndrome and other work-related injuries. Since ergonomics study the impact of working environment in relation to stress and physical injuries related to the working conditions, the researcher will discuss the role of ergonomic analysts. Eventually, the negative health effects of work-related stress will be provided in order to give the readers a better understanding why health care practitioners should focus on preventing stress from work. Ergonomics – a scientific-based study that teaches the proper design of working environment and systems in relation to increasing the efficiency and quality of employees’ work performance. (International Ergonomics Association, 2008) Repetitive Strain Injury – also known as chronic upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders or cumulative trauma disorders are work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) which is often associated with repetitive poor body postures. (Stock, 1991; Ranney, Wells, & Moore, 1995) In gathering concrete evidences with regards to the major causes of work-related stress causing physical

Symbolic Representation Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Symbolic Representation - Term Paper Example Regards to Hesse-Biber (2007). In the American society, necklaces have been an important part of jewelry, which can be traced back to the ancient times of civilizations. Apart from beauty, just presenting or wearing jewelry has a lot of social, economic, religious and political implications in the American society. In the earlier years it was used to show existence of connection with a particular class of people. Jewelry has been used in many cultural rites that people pass through. Metal and cloth arts have significantly expanded variety of jewelry that are available to people. String and twine have facilitated the making of smaller and durable necklaces. Since human beings discovered the art melting and casting of metals into different shapes, silver, copper, gold and other metals have been used to model magnificent necklaces for both women and men (Hesse-Biber, 2007),Recent technologies such as glassblowing and gemcutting have permitted highly polished and faceted gemstones as wel l as beautiful art glass that are usually added to pieces. Currently, there are numerous brands of new metals that are available for making of necklaces that could not be used in the earlier years as they could not be properly melted, for example, titanium and stainless steel. Electroplating has also come in handy in ensuring that people can at least own gold and laser etching and miniaturization have enabled modeling of very fine and detailed insignias with the elements of an individual necklace. In the American society, women have been enhancing their mode of dressing with pendants and beads. Necklaces are a treasure for Native Americans as they contain substantial amount of jewelry. It is common to see on the US streets women having different types of necklaces that range from beads to metal ornaments or objects made of wood for purposes of aesthetic beauty. Necklaces are known to be part and parcel of ceremonies in the American society. For example, contemporary Americans have i ntegrated precious metal ornaments such as necklaces into about all their ceremonies. In the earlier years, pendants and beads made of naturally available materials were commonly used in ritual ceremonies due to the esteem of Native Americans placed upon metals and other precious metals. In contemporary times, ceremonies and celebrations are some of the occasions that women showcase their jewelry in form of necklaces. This demonstrates that Americans go at greater lengths that involve huge sums of money to buy jewelry to enhance their personal accessories and appearance. Stemming from the earlier times, the Native American dances were mostly accompanied by dishing out ornaments to fans, and to date beads and other precious metal ornaments have formed part and parcel of the American ceremonies (NativeTech: Native American Technology and Art, 2012). Ceremonies such as marriages have continued to witness the use of ornamentation such as necklaces that are offered as present to the newl y wed people. As is the norm, many women have an addiction for pretty things, hence have a lot of appetite for impractical decorations and it happens that jewelry has been on their side to satisfy the need. Since jewelry is very expensive, giving out a jewel such as a necklace to a lady in the American s

Comparison Of Kotter Lewin And Positive Models Management Essay

Comparison Of Kotter Lewin And Positive Models Management Essay Change is good, changes in the market, change requests and client technology for supporting activities changer, but change is not always in control of the organization (Vroom, 1993). Research shows that it is important to manage proactively monitor and seek changes to succeed and to gain a competitive advantage. Management must communicate the need for change and to highlight the crisis situation that may develop while avoiding the change. Effective communication should be used to promote or market the new proposed changes while at the same time, demonstrate the shortcomings of old system. Users resist change because they fear the unknown, but effective communication at the beginning of the project can contribute to reduce this fear. It was noted that communication efforts must be verbal and active (Kotter, 1995). Management must be seen to actively support the process of change so that it can get the full support of the active population. Actually change not only to be managed, but must also be marketed. Once the change has been implemented, the change management process must constantly reviewer change and it strengthen. In this paper we will see how the three models play important role in change process for any organization. Kotters Eight Steps Model John Kotter who teaches in Harvard Business School has made it his business to study both success and failure in change initiatives in business. The most general lesson to be learned from the more successful cases is that the change process goes through a series of phases that, in total, usually require a considerable length of time. Skipping steps creates only the illusion of speed and never produces satisfactory results and making critical mistakes in any on the phases can have a devastating impact, slowing momentum and negating hard-won gains. Kotter summarizes the eight phases as follows. (Kotter, 1997) 1) Establish a Sense of Urgency Talking about change usually begins with some people noticing vulnerability in the organization. The threat of losing ground in some sort of spark these people to action, and in turn, they try to communicate this sense of urgency to others. Congregations, it generally is loss of financial struggles or turnover in key volunteer members and leaders. Kotter noted that more than half business that he observed were never able to create enough emergency measures. Without motivation, helping people and effort goes nowhereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Frameworks underestimate hard how there may be people to drive their comfort zones. In most of the successfully cases, the leadership group facilitate a frank discussion of potentially unpleasant facts: topic of the new competition, flat earnings, decrease in market share or other relevant indicators. It is useful to use outside people (by example, to get consultants, unchurched, people of other faiths, regional or national staff people) who can share the w holesale image from a different angle and help to expand awareness of your members. When relatively high levels of emergency? Kotter suggests that it is when 75% of your leadership believes honestly that business as usual is no longer an acceptable plan. (Kotter, 1997) 2) Form a Powerful Guiding Coalition Often change efforts start with only one or two people should continually grow to include more who believe that the changes are necessary. The necessity of this phase is to gather a relatively large initial core of believers. This initial group must be powerful enough in terms of the roles they hold in the Church, the reputation they have skills that they bring and the relationships they have. Regardless of the size of your organization, the Director coalition for the purposes of change to have 3-5 people leading the effort. This group, in turn, can lead others on board with new ideas. The construction of this coalition their sense of urgency sense of what is happening and what is needed is crucial. Involving respected leaders key areas of your church this coalition pay dividends much later. (Kotter, 1997) 3) Create a Vision Successful transformation is based on a picture of the future that is relatively easy to communicate and appealed to clients, shareholders and employees. Vision help clarify the direction in which an organization must pass. The functions of vision in several ways: it helps spark motivation, it helps to keep all projects and changes aligned, it provides a filter to assess how the Organization and provides a rationale that changes in the Organization should weather. A useful general rule: If you cannot communicate the vision to someone in five minutes or less and get a response which means understanding and interest, you have not yet finished with this phase of the transformation process. (Kotter, 1997) 4) Communicate that Vision Kotter suggests that leadership to estimate how many communications vision is needed and then multiply this effort by a factor of ten. Do not restrict it to a congregation meeting, a sermon by the Minister or by a couple of mailings to members. Leaders must be considered walk the talk another form of communication if people are going to collect important effort. Actions with words are powerful communicators new ways. The bottom line is that a transformation effort will fail unless that most members understand, appreciate, engage, and try to make the effort to occur. The principle is simple: use each existing communication channel and an opportunity. (Kotter, 1997) 5) Empower Others to Act on the Vision This involves several different actions. To allow people to the Church to start living on new ways and to changes in their fields of intervention. Allocate budget money for the new initiative. Carve out time on the agenda of the session to talk about. Change how your church is organized for the people where the effort must be. Free people key existing responsibilities so that they can concentrate on the new effort. In short, remove any obstacle, there may be to obtain a change. Nothing is more frustrating that believing in change, but then do not have the time, money, help or support needed to affect it. You cannot get rid of all obstacles, but those great needs to be dealt with. (Kotter, 1997) 6) Plan for and Create Short-Term Wins Given that the actual processing takes time, the loss of momentum and the appearance of disappointment are real factors. Most people wont on a long walk to change unless they begin to see requiring evidence that their efforts are paying off. Successful transformation leaders actively plan and short-term gains that will be able to see and celebrate. It proves the Church that their efforts are working and adds to the motivation to keep efforts. When it becomes clear that major changes would take some time, emergency levels can drop. Commitments to produce short-term wins help keep emergency level up and detailed analytical thinking who can clarify or revise the visions of the force. (Kotter, 1997) 7) Consolidate Improvements and Keep the Momentum for Change Moving As Kotter warns, do not declare victory too early. Until changes sink deep into culture Church, a process that could take five to ten years new approaches are fragile and subject to regression. Yet once a premature victory declaration kills momentum, which allows powerful forces to return to tradition. Leaders of successful efforts use sense of victory as motivation to delve more deeply into their organization: to explore changes in the culture database, to expose relationships of body systems that need adjustment, move people is committed to new ways in the leading roles. The leaders of change must go in the process of belief that their efforts will take years. (Kotter, 1997) 8) Institutionalize the New Approaches Ultimately, change sticks when it becomes the ways do us things here, when it infiltrates into the bloodstream of the organization. Until the new behaviors are rooted in shared values and social standards, they are subject to degradation as soon as the pressure for change is deleted. Two factors are especially important for this. People first of all, a conscious attempt to show how new approaches, behaviours and attitudes have contributed in improving the lives of the Church. People must be helped to establish links between effort and result. The second is to ensure that the next generation of leaders congregations believe in new ways. (Kotter, 1997) Lewin Model Kurt lewin proposed a three-stage theory of change commonly referred to as unfreeze, change, freeze (or refreeze). (Mind Tools, 2007; Syque, 2007). Stage 1 Unfreeze This step is prepared for change. It consists in a point to understand that change is necessary and prepare to move away from our current comfort zone. Free and reasoned that the change is all about weighing pro and con and decide if the more pro that the con to take any action. This is the basis of what Kurt Lewin calls the force field analysis database. Analysis of the field strength is a fantasy to say that there are many different factors (force) for and against change we need to know (analysis). If the drivers of change outweigh the factors change, we change. If not, then there is low motivation change and if we pushed to change, we are likely to get Crabby and dig in our heels. This first step Thaw is to move ourselves, a Department or entire company to the motivation for the change. (Mind Tools, 2007; Syque, 2007) Step 2 Change Kurt Lewin, that change is not an event, but rather a process. This process is called the transition. Transition is the internal movement or the trip that we do in response to a change. As with role models and allowing people to develop their own solutions also help to make the changes. It also really helps keep communicating a clear desired changes and benefits to persons picture where they lead so that they lose. (Mind Tools, 2007; Syque, 2007). Step 3 Freezing (or Refreezing) As the name suggests this stage is about establishing stability once, the changes have been made. The changes are accepted and become the new norm. People form new relationships and become comfortable with their routines. As its name implies this stage is to establish stability once, the changes have been made. The changes are accepted and become the new standard. People in the form of new relationships and becoming comfortable with their routines. (Mind Tools, 2007; Syque, 2007). Positivist Model: This model consists of five stages Initiate the Inquiry, Inquire into the Best Practices, Discover Themes, Envision a Preferred Future, and, Design and Deliver Ways to Create the Future. This model is quite similar the above two models in many ways. It talks about initiating an inquisitive enquiry as to why, what, when and how things have to be reshuffled or changed which is central for every change effort to effect positively. At the second stage, the model proposes to enquire only the best practices and eliminate the redundant ones to narrow down the scope of the change towards a particular area. Through subsequent stages, this model encourages to devise the vision for what is expected from a change which can then be used to formulate operational strategies accordingly. However, it does not talk about anchoring the new change into a companys culture. By doing so, it keeps the door open for continuous improvements and change. Also, accountability and continuous communication are missing in this model. (Cummings and Worley, 2008) Advantages and Disadvantage of Three Models Kotters Model As the above two edit templates, Kotter eight step change model has many drawbacks and benefits. The advantages are that it is the step by step, which is easy to follow model. Another is that it does not focus on change itself, but rather the acceptance and the preparation of this change, which makes it an easy transition. Focuses on the buy-in of employees as the focus for success. May be communicated among all steps and adapts well in traditional hierarchies. Downside is that you cannot ignore the steps or change process fails completely. As with the other two models change still takes time with it too. (Kotter, 1996) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The linearity of the model can lead to wrong assumptions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Once process has begun, it is difficult to change the direction. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The model is clearly downward; it gives no margin of co-creation or other forms of real participation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Can lead to deep employee frustration if the stages of grief and individual needs are not taken into account. (Kotter, 1996) Lewins Model Although the theory of the Lewin has proved useful to understand changes in relatively stable conditions, the nature continues and the dynamics of change in todays business world, it makes more sense to implement a process for freezing modified behaviour, part of the procession takes the view that the change is a complex process and dynamics, which should not be solidified or treated as a series of linear events, in the heart of the development of an approach to the procession is the need to integrate analysis of change management policy. (Cummings, 1997) Have many pointed out that the planned approach Lewin is too simplistic and mechanistic for a world where the organizational changes is a continuous process open to all (Dawson, 1994; Garvin, 1993; Kanter et al., 1992). The Lewin work is relevant to progressive and isolated projects and is not able to integrate the radical change, transformation (Dawson, 1994; Dunphy and Stace, 1992). Lewin is accused of ignoring the role of power and politics in organizations and wildlife continues to a large part of organizational life. Lewin is seen as advocating a top-down approach on change management and do not take into account situations requiring changes from bottom to top (Dawson, 1994).. He clearly recognized that pressure for change has many neighbourhoods, managers and leaders, and seeking to provide an approach that could accommodate this. Therefore, rather than supporting Lewin has seen change of behaviour as a process from top to bottom, it would be more accurate to say that recognize d that might be initiated the high, low or medium, but it could not be successful without the active participation, willing Lewin and equal for all. Positivist Model The main advantage is that this is a simple and easily understood model for change; the model is done through steps; this is an efficient model that is used today (Mind Tools, 2007; Syque, 2007). The main disadvantage of this model is that it is timely, but you must consider that it is timely for any change to take place. Another disadvantage is that at the envision the preferred future, many people are worried that another change is coming, so they are in change shock (Syque, 2007). This change shock causes employees to not be as efficient or effective in their jobs (Syque, 2007). Similarities between the Three Models All three models Kotters change model, model change of Lewin and positive role model describe the phases through which the change occurs in organizations. All three approaches focus on the application of the knowledge of behavioural science, involve the members of the organization in the process of change, to varying degrees and acknowledge that any interaction between the consultant and an organization is an intervention that might affect the organization. However, model change of Lewin differs from the other two in that it focuses on the overall process of planned change, rather than on specific organizational development activities. In Kotters and Lewin both discusses about how difficult it is to get the people from the comfort zone for the change to happen. In both of the models they use different set of calculation to know whether there is any need of change to take place in the organization. In all three models it starts to identify the problem at the beginning and starts to rectify and implement the change. In Positive and Kotters model the vision for change is declared and works accordingly towards it and it can be done by allotting work to each employees. Conclusion With the recent crises many organizations are willing for change to cope up with market. So surviving in the market is the key for the organizations so they are wiling for change but its the employee or the people who are working in are against it because of fear that what this change might ask them to do. But its the people only who are willing for change like the senior managers. So with different people opinion some with positive and some with negative changes are happening. Important change has increased substantially in the organizations for the past two decades as a result of strong macroeconomic forces. Whenever human communities are forced to adapt to the changing conditions, the pain is always present. Some errors during the processing of a common organization are: (1) leave too complacent, (2) do not create a sufficiently powerful Director coalition, (3) underestimate the power of the vision (4) to communicate the vision of a factor of 10 x-100 x, (5) permits obstacles to b lock the new vision of failing (6) to create some victories in the short term (7) giving victory too soon, (8) neglect anchored firmly in the corporate culture change. These errors amplify a globally competitive rapid movement. These errors can be mitigated and perhaps avoid. The key is to understand why organizations resist changes and the process in several steps to achieve, and how leadership is critical for driving the process in a socially healthy way. You have to work hard to change an organization successfully. When you plan carefully and build the proper foundation, implementing change can be much easier, and youll improve the chances of success. If youre too impatient, and if you expect too many results too soon, your plans for change are more likely to fail. Time for the change to happen depends from organization to organization and the approach they take. They take different steps or models for the change to prosper. So many models available for the organization to play with like the ones discussed above Kotters, Lewins, and Positivist Models. So with these many models changed many organization futures some models worked some didnt. The three phases of Lewin for the management of change, organizational development theory and macro change theories are useful for managers to understand the dynamics of change. It is also important for managers to know how to overcome resistance to change, including education and communication, involvement and participation, negotiation and agreement, manipulation and co-option and use of stress. Lewins model is very rational, goal and plan oriented. It doesnt take into account personal factors that can affect change. Conversely, social cognitive theory proposes that behavioral change is affected by environmental influences, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself. Lewins model makes rational sense, but the Social Cognitive Theory because it takes into account both external and internal environmental conditions. The positive role model is a simple model that can be used to guide the principles that underlie effective interventions for change, the individual levels and groups. Should redraft fundamental issues (e.g., how can determine what level of involvement is appropriate for this person?), accept that change is likely to be a phenomenon of development instead of a single decision point (for example, it may take several iterations of the cycle, according to the great how change is for the persons involved) and recognizing that the emotional elements (hope and trust) are inextricably interrelated with the behaviour (qualified practice) and cognitive elements (information, beliefs, attitudes and new objectives). Positive change cycle also suggests that we need to rethink what really are the components of effective career interventions and take concrete steps which testify of change of these critical components. Ultimately, our goal is to help people develop self-managed adaptability to chang e. We must find ways to better measure each of the components of positive change, hope and courage; changes in attitudes and relevant skills and confidence to apply skills; and ability to generate new goals for a self) and also show the cumulative impact of positive change cycle. If we can, we are much more on the road to help create interventions that promote long-term changes and to demonstrate our role in the promotion of this change. I think that Kotters Model is the best choice because it is a simple model. I also feel this way because it fully prepares the employees of the company before the vision is even created, which means that the actual transition will be much easier in the long run. There are fewer disadvantages to this model than others. Overall it is the best fit for most companies because substantial change is needed for the divisions because its history. This will also help ease the transition because the division has quite a history compared to the rest of the company, so people are not as set in the ways, as they would be if the division had been around longer.  Create a sense of urgency, recruit powerful change leaders, build a vision and effectively communicate it, remove obstacles, create quick wins, and build on your momentum. If you do these things, you can help make the change part of your organizational culture. Thats when you can declare a true victory, then sit back and enjoy the change that you envisioned so long ago. There are further errors that make people, but these eight are greatest. In fact, even successful change efforts are messy, and full of surprises. But just as a relatively simple vision is necessary in order to guide people through a major change, therefore a vision of the change process can reduce the error rate. And fewer errors can make the difference between success and failure. I have observed many attempts of the metric system conversion in many organizations for many years and I think that John P. Kotters first change provides a reference for the leaders of the conversion to metric to consider as they plan upgrade conversion to metric.

Color Purple :: essays research papers

The book called The Color Purple shows many of the topics discussed in class, but for the purpose of this paper I would like to discuss three aspects that are the most concerning and disturbing. The concept of the body, reproduction, and violence shown through the novel are the most prominent and key concerns seen in this literature selection that I would like to analyze in this expository essay. Beginning with the concept of the body, The Color Purple portrays a very graphic portrayal from the first pages. â€Å"She ugly† (Walker, 9). This gives the feel that the men have high standards of the women that are seen in this story of Black Southern Women. This also can be seen when Celie (the main character) holds on to a picture of Shug Avery (the woman she lets her husband have an affair with) because she is so beautiful. These are ideals seen in our culture as a whole. Women holding onto pictures of women in magazines and posters lead to the idea that the airbrushed picture is attainable and that is what the women of the world need to look like. The forerunner of this is visualized when this is what the men look at in their magazines. The view that men have of women is one of this sexual being waiting to be had. Celie holding onto this picture is the same as a woman today buying a magazine that appeals to her inferior parts. â€Å"I’m not as pretty or as smart†(10) is played on throughout the book as well as in our culture. Women of the world today need to be attractive to be someone, or so it seems. The same way Celie is a barefoot and pregnant housewife living her fantasy of a singer that is attractive. The epitome of the quotes that shows the sexuality associated with a women’s body is â€Å"right down there in your *censored* is a little button that gits real hot when you do you know what with somebody† (81). This allows the feeling of vulgarity in someone’s mind today, because talk of this sort is discounted. Throu gh this following quote it continues with other vulgarities that society does not accept â€Å"I kiss her back†¦Then us touch each other† (118). Mainly, because female sexuality as a whole is discounted and seen as a negative portrayal of our home lives.